The Accents Jukebox:

Useful terms for the study of spoken language:
Idiolect
A person's individual speech patterns.
Dialect
Geographical or socially distinct variety of a language that differs from the standard language
Accent
A mode of pronunciation, characteristic of the speech of a particular person, group, or locality
Formal
The use of language in which pronunciation, etc., follow the traditional standards of correctness
Informal
Characteristic of casual and familiar, but educated, speech or writing.
Slang
Speech and writing characterized by the use of vulgar and socially taboo vocabulary and idiomatic expressions.
Colloquialism
Words or phrases appropriate to ordinary or familiar conversation rather than formal speech or writing.